（上接2013年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题（一））
Section C
More and more of the world’s population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is (36)________. Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries (37) ________ two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.
The (38) _________ size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very (39) _________ signs of trouble in the (40) ___________of percentages of people living in towns and percentages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew as a result of the growth of industry . In Europe the (41) ___________of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the (42) __________working in factories. Now, however, the (43) ____________ is almost always true in the newly industrialized world : (44) _____________________.
Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pay for their growth; (45) __________________________. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities. (46) _______________________________ a growth in the number of hopeless and despairing parents and starving children.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its 47____ lie mainly in blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style subsequently spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leading ultimately to 48 ____rock music.
The term “rock and roll” now covers at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both 49____ rock and roll as synonymous with rock music.
50____ , Allwords.com defines the term as referring specifically to the music of the 1950s.
Classic rock and roll is 51____ played with one or two electric guitars, a string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the 52 ____rock and roll styles of the late 1940s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally 53____ or supplemented by the guitar in the middle to late 1950s.
The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a 54____ social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, 55____ lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially 56____ backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply “rock music” or “rock”.
A) define I) followed
B) characteristic J) modern
C) unique K) explanation
D) roots L) Conversely
E) usually M) replaced
F) Basically N) prepare
G) earliest O) seldom
H) influenced
Section B
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
According to a report, around 30,000 pupils started secondary school last year with the math skills of a seven-year-old. MPs (国会议员) warned that many young people would need “expensive” remedial lessons in later life to get a job — posing major problems for the economy. The findings came just months after Ofsted(教育标准办公室)claimed almost half of math lessons in English schools were not good enough. It said many teachers relied on textbooks and mundane exercises to make sure pupils passed exams at the expense of a proper understanding of the subject. MPs backed the conclusions, saying too many pupils found lessons “boring”. They insisted improvements had been made under Labor but achievement had “leveled off” in recent years.
In 2008, 79 percent of pupils met the Government’s expected standard at the end of primary school, well short of the 85 percent target set for 2006. Around five percent moved to secondary school with the math skills of a seven- year-old, said the committee. In 2006, ￡2.3 billion was spent teaching the subject. It equates to around a quarter of the ￡10 billion total budget for primary teaching and support staff.
The report said the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) needed to “radically rethink its strategy for improving pupil attainment; otherwise we seriously doubt that the department will meet its 2011 target”. The target demands that 84.5 percent of pupils will make the necessary progress between 7 and 11.
Last year, the DCSF published a major review of math education in England to boost standards. It called for a math specialist in every primary school within 10 years and more emphasis on mathematical “play” in nursery schools. Mr. Leigh said, “The department’s 10-year program to train 13,000 specialist math teachers will not benefit some primary schools for another decade. That’s far too long; the department needs to look for ways to accelerate the program.” Sarah McCarthy Fry, the Schools Minister, said, “We have already accepted the main recommendation from a recent independent review of primary math that every school should have a specialist math teacher and have pledged ￡24 million over the next three years for a training program for teachers.”
Nick Gibb, the Tory shadow schools secretary, said, “The Government is not getting value for the money they have piled into education and the country is falling behind in international league tables as a result. The Government has failed to replace methods of teaching which have failed with tried and tested methods used in countries that have much higher levels of math achievement.”
57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A) 30,000 pupils started secondary school with poor math skills.
B) MPs insist more improvements should be made under Labor.
C) Young people need medical lessons to get a job.
D) Half of English schools were not good enough.
58. According to the passage, what happened in 2006?
A) 21% of pupils didn’t meet the Government’s expected standard.
B) The target set for 2006 was 87 percent.
C) ￡2.3 billion was spent on math teaching.
D) The total budget for primary teaching and support staff was ￡5 billion in 2006.
59. What will people probably do to improve math education in England?
A) Spend money on training specialist math teachers.
B) Hire a math specialist for every primary school.
C) Allow pupils to have more mathematical “play”.
D) Spend more time on math education.
60. What do Nick Gibb’s words mean?
A) The British government should put more money into math education.
B) Britain is falling behind in the international knowledge competition.
C) The British government should learn from other countries’ failures.
D) The British government should change their teaching methods every few years.
61. What’s the passage mainly talking about?
A) There aren’t enough math teachers in British primary schools.
B) The British government didn’t spend enough money on math education.
C) British pupils are not good at math.
D) Math lessons in British primary schools need to be improved.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Conservationists call them hot spots — habitats that cover just 1.4 percent of the earth’s land surface but are so rich in biological diversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plant and animal species off the endangered list.
Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues began describing these hot spots in a series of scientific papers and arguing for their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservation efforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including the World Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priority for financing and protective legislation. But a growing chorus of scientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots may be a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land, nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal groups that live in less biologically rich regions (“cold spots”). And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of some ecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.
This debate has been simmering quietly among biologists for years; however, it is coming to a boil now with the publication of an article in the current issue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to direct conservation funding to the world’s biodiversity hot spots may be bad investment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recent years within the larger conservation community that it now risks eclipsing all other approaches,” write the authors of the paper. “The officers and directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies have been seduced by the simplicity of the hot spot idea,” they go on. “We worry that the initially appealing idea of getting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleading strategy.”
But hot spots have their ardent defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myers and Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successful at attracting attention and financing for conservation in tropical countries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggesting that one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions, you have to invest in them.”
62. The best title for this passage would be ________.
A) A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots B) An Introduction to Hot Spots
C) Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots D) How to Finance Hot Spots
63. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the earth’s land surface with _____________.
A) a third of all plants
B) many major animal groups living in cold spots
C) rich biological diversity
D) many rare species living in cold spots
64. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that ________.
A) hot spots are always as important as cold spots
B) it is unwise to invest largely in hot spots
C) governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spots
D) the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the very beginning
65. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _________.
A) protecting and investing in hot spots can save species from extinction
B) conservation efforts should not center on hot spots
C) governments should invest most in cold spots
D) the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past
66. What is the writer’s attitude towards the hot-spot approach?
A) Critical. B) Neutral. C) Supportive. D) Doubtful.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Everyone knows hand washing is important. But a new study shows how washing your hands _67_ , and at the right time, can have a big impact on your family’s risk of getting sick.
Most studies on hand washing focus on _68_ and food service workers. But this month’s American Journal of Infection Control focuses on washing hands at _69_ as a way to stop infections from _70_. Several studies show hands are the single most important _71_ route for all types of infections.
Even though most people know to wash their hands after using the toilet or handling a diaper (尿布), studies_72_ many people are still ending up with germs on their hands.
One study looked in homes of _73_recently vaccinated against polio (脊髓灰质炎). After vaccination, the virus is
_74_ to be shed in the baby’s feces (粪便). Researchers found the virus on 13 percent of bathroom, living room and kitchen surfaces. _75_ the virus from the vaccine didn’t pose a health risk, feces-borne viruses can _76_through the home.
Doorknobs and toilet flush handles are key _77_ of germ transmission in the home. That’s why people should focus on cleaning such surfaces _78_ and always wash their hands after touching them. In one study, a _79_ touched a door handle contaminated with a virus. He then shook hands _80_ other volunteers, and spread the virus to six people.
The study authors note that the timing of hand washing is key. It’s _81_to wash hands after using the toilet, before eating or handling food. Other crucial times for hand washing are after _82_ a diaper or cleaning up after a pet, or after touching garbage cans, dish rags and utensils that may have come _83_ contact with raw food.
While it may be hard to _84_ that something as simple as regular hand washing can make a difference in your 7family’s health, consider what happened during the 2003 outbreak of SARS. The outbreak _85_ extensive public and community health measures, including regular hand washing. Not only was the SARS outbreak contained, _86_ other cases of illnesses dropped sharply.
67. A) occasionally B) often C) sometimes D) repeatedly
68. A) chemical B) physical C) medical D) mental
69. A) home B) clinics C) hospitals D) school
70. A) living B) spreading C) surviving D) going
71. A) transmit B) transfer C) transferring D) transmission
72. A) claim B) agree C) suggest D) object
73. A) parents B) teachers C) adults D) infants
74. A) known B) said C) moved D) added
75. A) When B) While C) Why D) Which
76. A) travel B) go C) fly D) float
77. A) questions B) opportunities C) ideas D) sources
78. A) always B) frequently C) regularly D) actually
79. A) volunteer B) baby C) worker D) person
80. A) in B) on C) with D) through
81. A) useless B) obvious C) interesting D) thankful
82. A) taking B) using C) changing D) bringing
83. A) of B) for C) from D) into
84. A) dream B) know C) figure D) believe
85. A) triggered B) started C) helped D) saved
86. A) yet B) while C) but D) since
Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)
87. _____________________________( 只要每个中国人) works to his capacity in the construction of China’s economy, the rise of Chinese nation is round the corner.
88. With a special train ticket you can ___________________________________(任何国家旅行)in Europe for just over 100 pounds.
89. In spite of the fact that hotel prices have risen sharply, the number of tourists_________________________ (和以前一样多).
90. The hotel manager, ________________________(我向他投诉过) about the service， refunded part of our bill.
91. The Tower of London, _____________________________________________ (在里面曾有许多人丧命) is now a tourist attraction.
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